Review of International Economy and Finance
Journal Title: Review of International Economy and Finance Initials: RITEF Frequency: Each month Online ISSN: 3089-3925 Editor in Chief: Dr. Tehedi, MSI DOI: Zenodo European Union Publisher: CV. ADIBA AISHA AMIRA Review of International Economy and finance (RITEF) is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the Business field includes conceptual ideas in the fields of Economics, Accounting, Management, business. The scopes are Human Resource Management, Marketing Management, Financial Management, Production/Operational Management, Strategic Management, Islamic Business Management, Halal Industry Management, Hajj and Umro Management, Zakat and Waqf/ Islamic Philanthropy Management, Tourism Management, Banking Management, Industrial Management, Agribusiness Management, Business Administration.
ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION IN THE INDONESIA–MALAYSIA BORDERLANDS: FROM INFORMAL BARTER SYSTEMS TO A DIGITAL TRADE ECOSYSTEM
This study aims to analyze the economic modernization of the Indonesia–Malaysia borderlands by transforming informal barter systems into integrated digital trade ecosystems. The research focuses on understanding how technological development, regional integration, and institutional change reshape cross-border economic activities in frontier communities. This study employs a qualitative approach using the library research method by analyzing secondary data from Scopus-indexed journal articles, books, policy reports, and official publications published between 2020 and 2025. The data were examined using descriptive-analytical and thematic analysis techniques to identify patterns of border economic transformation, digitalization trends, and challenges of regional economic integration. The findings reveal that border economies in the Indonesia–Malaysia frontier are experiencing a gradual transition from traditional barter-based trade toward digitalized commercial systems supported by fintech, mobile payments, e-commerce, and logistics integration. However, the transformation remains uneven due to disparities in digital infrastructure, technological literacy, and institutional capacity. Informal trade systems persist because they provide flexibility, social trust, and economic access for local communities. The study also finds that digitalization contributes positively to financial inclusion and market expansion but simultaneously creates digital inequality between urbanized and remote border regions. This study contributes theoretically by integrating Border Economic Transformation Theory, Digital Ecosystem Theory, and Regional Integration Theory to explain the coexistence of traditional and modern economic systems in borderlands. Practically, the research highlights the importance of inclusive border development policies that combine technological modernization with community empowerment and socioeconomic sustainability. The study concludes that sustainable border economic modernization requires adaptive governance, equitable digital access, and participatory regional integration strategies.
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THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER INVOLVEMENT IN MEMORABLE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE (MCE) IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING ON REVISIT INTENTION AT BEACHWALK BALI
This study aims to analyze the effect of experiential marketing on revisit intention through the mediating role of memorable customer experience among visitors of Beachwalk Bali. The study employed a quantitative approach with an associative research design grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) theory. A total of 160 respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using Hayes PROCESS Macro Model 4 with a bootstrapping approach. The findings reveal that experiential marketing has a positive and significant effect on both memorable customer experience and revisit intention. Memorable customer experience also exerts a positive and significant influence on revisit intention and is proven to partially mediate the relationship between experiential marketing and revisit intention. These findings indicate that a memorable shopping experience can enhance visitors’ intentions to revisit Beachwalk Bali.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL, VILLAGE APPARATUS COMPETENCE, AND SELF-EFFICACY ON THE PREVENTION OF VILLAGE FUND FRAUD
The prevention of Village Fund fraud has become a crucial issue due to the increasing allocation of Village Funds and the high number of irregularities in their management. Fraud prevention efforts can be carried out by strengthening internal factors and the competence of village officials. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of internal locus of control, village apparatus competence, and self-efficacy on the prevention of Village Fund fraud. The research was conducted in Badung Regency, Bali Province, involving village officials from 46 villages using a purposive sampling technique, including village heads, secretaries, and treasurers who had served for at least one year. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that internal locus of control, village apparatus competence, and self-efficacy have a positive and significant effect on the prevention of Village Fund fraud. This implies that improvements in internal locus of control, village apparatus competence, and self-efficacy can enhance fraud prevention in Village Fund management.
GLOBALISATION CHALLENGES TO INDONESIA'S LEADING ECONOMIC SECTORS: RESILIENCE, COMPETITIVENESS, AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
This study discusses the challenges faced by Indonesia's main economic sectors in facing globalisation, particularly in relation to resilience and competitiveness. Global market openness has created various external pressures such as price fluctuations, changes in international trade policies, and competition from imported products, which have an impact on national economic resilience. On the other hand, globalisation also opens up opportunities through wider access to export markets, foreign investment, and the adoption of new technologies. Therefore, this study highlights various adaptation strategies that are needed, such as product diversification, technological innovation, improving the quality of human resources, strengthening infrastructure, and protecting intellectual property rights. With the active role of the government, the private sector, and the community, especially MSMEs, Indonesia is expected to be able to strengthen the resilience and competitiveness of its economic sectors so that they can survive and thrive amid increasingly fierce global competition. The method used is a comprehensive literature review of current and relevant sources.
Copyright (c) 2025 Review of International Economy and Finance
IDENTIFICATION OF LEADING ECONOMIC SECTORS AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA
This study aims to identify the main economic sectors and development challenges facing Indonesia in 2025 using a literature review method. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia's economic structure is dominated by the service, manufacturing, and agriculture sectors, with the service sector being the largest contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, Indonesia still faces various major challenges, including dependence on primary commodities, regional and income disparities, uneven infrastructure and human resource quality, and limitations in innovation and technology mastery. Additionally, external factors such as global demand fluctuations and climate change challenges further complicate the development process. This study emphasises the importance of strategic reforms and cross-sectoral collaboration to create inclusive, resilient, and sustainable economic growth in the future.
EMPLOYEES AS SERVICE PROVIDERS: COMPENSATION ANALYSIS BASED ON EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
This study examines the relationship between the type of employment contract and the compensation received by employees as service providers, as well as the implications of such compensation on employee performance. The method used is a literature review with a normative legal approach, which analyses various literature, labour regulations, and previous research findings related to compensation and employment contracts. The findings indicate that compensation is significantly influenced by the type of employment contract, with employees under an Indefinite-Term Employment Contract (PKWTT) tending to receive more stable compensation and benefits compared to those under a Fixed-Term Employment Contract (PKWT). Fair and transparent compensation positively impacts motivation, loyalty, and the quality of services provided, thereby enhancing employee performance and the sustainability of service organisations. This study underscores the importance of aligning compensation practices with regulations and the dynamic needs of the workforce to foster employee well-being and corporate competitiveness.
STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING THEFT-BASED CRIME THROUGH ANALYSIS OF INEQUALITY AND POVERTY: A CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICAL REVIEW
This study aims to examine strategies for combating theft using an analysis of economic inequality and poverty through a literature review. The study examines the complex relationship between social inequality, poverty, and theft, and identifies strategic interventions that have been implemented in a socio-economic context to reduce theft rates. The findings reveal that inequality and poverty are critical factors driving criminal behaviour, necessitating effective interventions that integrate preventive, repressive, and socio-economic empowerment approaches. Strategic recommendations include multi-stakeholder collaboration, improved education, strengthened social systems, and the use of security technology. This approach not only addresses the symptoms but also the root causes of theft crime to create a safe, fair, and inclusive environment.
THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, AND POVERTY ON THEFT CRIMES: AN EMPIRICAL LITERATURE STUDY IN INDONESIA
This study aims to analyse the influence of economic inequality, unemployment rates, and poverty on theft crimes in Indonesia through an empirical literature review. Using a thematic synthesis approach to various journals and research reports, this study found that economic inequality and unemployment rates have a significant positive influence on the increase in theft crime rates. Poverty also contributes to the risk of theft, especially when the economic pressure felt by the community is very high. The results of the study indicate that the combination of these three variables strengthens the potential for theft crimes in Indonesia, thus requiring policies that focus on reducing inequality, creating jobs, and implementing poverty alleviation programmes to effectively reduce crime rates.
THE DYNAMICS OF LOCAL GOODS TRADE AND IMPORTS IN THE SERIKIN CROSS-BORDER MARKET: AN ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA-MALAYSIA ECONOMIC INTERACTIONS THROUGH LITERATURE REVIEW
This study analyses the dynamics of local and imported goods trade in the Serikin Cross-Border Market as a reflection of economic interaction between Indonesia and Malaysia using a literature review method. This study explains how local and imported goods play a role in cross-border economic activities, while strengthening socio-cultural relations in the border region. Through a synthesis of various academic literature, it was found that local goods trade not only supports the economy of border communities but also preserves cultural identity and strengthens social networks. Meanwhile, the flow of imported goods indicates a high level of economic interdependence between the two countries, but also poses challenges such as intensifying business competition and the risk of illegal goods entering the market. The results of this study emphasise the importance of balanced and adaptive cross-border market management so that trade can take place in a healthy and sustainable manner, thereby contributing positively to regional economic development and bilateral relations between Indonesia and Malaysia.
THE INFLUENCE OF CAPITAL AND ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS ON BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF INDONESIAN MSMES
This study aims to review the influence of capital and entrepreneurial characteristics on business development and sustainability in MSMEs in Indonesia through a literature review approach. Capital, which includes financial, social, and intellectual capital, has been proven to be a major factor in supporting the expansion, innovation, and increased competitiveness of MSMEs. Additionally, entrepreneurial characteristics such as risk-taking, proactivity, innovation, flexibility, and managerial skills play a crucial role in the adaptation, growth, and resilience of businesses in the face of dynamic competition. This literature review confirms that the synergy between the availability of capital and the strength of entrepreneurial characteristics significantly contributes to the development and sustainability of SMEs in Indonesia. The implications of this study highlight the importance of strengthening capital capacity and entrepreneurship training, as well as an inclusive ecosystem to enhance the sustainability of the SME sector as a driving force for the national economy.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIALISATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BILATERAL CROSS-BORDER TRADE AGREEMENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE WELFARE OF BORDER COMMUNITIES
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of socialisation of bilateral trade agreements between countries and its impact on improving the welfare of border communities through a literature review. Effective socialisation is crucial to the understanding and active participation of the community in utilising the economic opportunities provided by these agreements. However, the implementation of socialisation often faces obstacles such as limited access to information and inadequate infrastructure. Literature review indicates that participatory socialisation approaches, adaptable to local contexts, and supported by cross-sectoral synergies can significantly enhance the implementation outcomes of bilateral trade agreements. The findings of this study provide strategic recommendations for policymakers and programme implementers to enhance socialisation capacity to promote sustainable welfare for border communities.
THE ROLE OF OVERSIGHT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-BORDER TRADE AGREEMENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE BENEFITS FOR BORDER COMMUNITIES
This study discusses the role of supervision in the implementation of trade agreements between countries, with a focus on the benefits felt by communities in border areas. Through a literature review, this study analyses various sources of literature related to supervisory mechanisms, challenges in their implementation, and the positive impacts on local communities. The findings reveal that effective oversight not only prevents illegal trade practices and regulatory abuse but also enhances the economic and social well-being of border communities through fairer market access, protection of legal businesses, and improved security and empowerment of local communities. Therefore, strengthening the monitoring system through inter-agency collaboration, community participation, and the use of technology is key to the successful implementation of trade agreements that have a positive impact on the development of border areas.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS: THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC FACTORS IN INCREASING THEFT CRIMES IN INDONESIA
This study discusses the role of economic factors in increasing theft crimes in Indonesia through a systematic literature analysis. This study reviews various sources that discuss the relationship between poverty, unemployment, and income inequality with the increase in theft rates. The findings indicate that the economic pressures faced by some communities encourage criminal acts, particularly theft, as an instant solution to meet their daily needs. In addition to macroeconomic factors, social aspects such as urbanisation and low education levels also contribute to the risk of this crime. This analysis also highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach in addressing theft, which should not only rely on law enforcement but also economic policy interventions such as job creation and income redistribution. The complex interaction between economic and social variables requires comprehensive strategies that can reduce crime rates while improving community welfare. The results of this study provide an empirical and theoretical basis for policymakers to develop effective and sustainable prevention programmes.
THE ROLE OF DATA-DRIVEN DECISION MAKING IN DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This study examines the role of Data Driven Decision Making (DDDM) in digital marketing strategies by exploring its benefits, challenges, and impact on the success of marketing campaigns. DDDM offers a more objective approach by leveraging data analytics to make more precise and relevant marketing decisions. With the ability to personalise customer experiences and identify real-time market trends, DDDM enables companies to increase consumer engagement and ROI efficiency. However, the adoption of DDDM also presents challenges, including the need for data analysis expertise, technology investment, and privacy and ethical issues in data collection. Through a literature review, this study confirms that companies that can overcome these challenges can achieve significant competitive advantages by making smarter and more effective information-based decisions in their digital marketing strategies.
DIGITAL CUSTOMER JOURNEY: BUILDING CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD
The digital customer journey is the process of customer interaction with a brand across various digital platforms, from awareness to post-purchase. This process has become increasingly important in the digital age as customers often move between interconnected online channels. To build customer loyalty, companies need to understand this digital journey and create consistent, relevant, and personalised experiences. Strategies such as data analytics, loyalty programme development, and omnichannel service implementation play an important role in strengthening customer relationships. In addition, technological evolutions such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation provide new opportunities for more effective and efficient interactions. However, companies must also remain focused on a human-centric approach to ensure that emotional customer engagement is maintained. By adapting to changing technological trends and customer needs, companies can build sustainable customer loyalty in the digital world.
This study discusses the dynamics of local and imported goods trade in the Serikin Cross-Border Market located on the border between Indonesia and Malaysia. This market serves as a dynamic centre of economic interaction, where business actors from both countries establish close trade relations, both formal and informal. A literature review identified factors influencing these economic interactions, including the role of local and imported products, regulatory challenges, and socio-economic impacts on border communities. The findings reveal that the Serikin Market is not only a place for goods transactions but also a medium for strengthening bilateral relations and empowering the local economy. Optimising the management of this market heavily depends on policy synergy between Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as innovation by business actors on the ground.
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ENTREPRENEURS IN MANAGING INVESTMENTS TO ENSURE BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY: A CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICAL REVIEW
This study discusses the responsibility of entrepreneurs in managing investments as an effort to ensure business continuity through conceptual and practical reviews. A literature review approach was used to collect and analyse literature related to the concept of entrepreneurial responsibility in investment management, including stewardship theory, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and corporate governance principles. In addition, responsible investment management practices in the real business world are also examined, including diversification strategies, risk management, integration of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles, and the use of digital technology to improve the effectiveness of investment management. The results of the study indicate that entrepreneurs who are able to manage investments responsibly can not only maintain business sustainability but also create social and environmental added value. This study provides recommendations for entrepreneurs and policymakers to place greater emphasis on ethics, transparency, and adaptation to market dynamics in investment management so that businesses remain competitive and sustainable.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISCAL POLICY AND GOVERNMENT STIMULUS IN MAINTAINING DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION AND INVESTMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This article aims to review the effectiveness of fiscal policy and government stimulus in maintaining domestic consumption and investment, particularly during periods of economic crisis. Through a literature review, it was found that fiscal policy instruments such as government spending, tax incentives, and social assistance play a significant role in maintaining people's purchasing power and encouraging investment recovery. The success of stimulus measures is highly influenced by the speed of distribution, targeting accuracy, and the fiscal capacity of the country concerned. However, the implementation of fiscal policies also faces various challenges such as limited fiscal space, the risk of rising public debt, bureaucratic weaknesses, and the need for transparent governance. The review emphasises the importance of adaptive stimulus design, synergy with monetary policy, and continuous evaluation to ensure that fiscal policy remains effective and sustainable in the face of future global and domestic economic dynamics.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN STRENGTHENING MSME CAPITAL (A STUDY OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAM LITERATURE IN INDONESIA)
This study analyses the impact of community economic empowerment and financial inclusion on strengthening the capital of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia based on a literature review of various government programmes. The results show that synergistic efforts through training, business mentoring, and facilitating access to financing sources can significantly improve the capabilities and competitiveness of MSME actors. Financial inclusion programmes, such as People's Business Credit (KUR), business capital assistance, and financial service digitalisation, have proven to expand access to capital and boost business management efficiency. In addition, financial literacy and digital innovation further strengthen MSMEs' resilience to economic challenges and market changes. This study emphasises the importance of optimising the integration of community economic empowerment and financial inclusion through adaptive policies, regular monitoring, and ecosystem support to ensure that SME capital strengthening is effective, sustainable, and has a broad impact on the national economy.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN PERSONALISATION MARKETING: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have rapidly developed in supporting personalised marketing strategies. This study focuses on a literature review to explore the role of AI and ML in enhancing the effectiveness of personalisation, such as big data processing, consumer behaviour analysis, and the provision of relevant recommendations. The analysis results indicate that these technologies can enhance customer experience and marketing campaign efficiency. However, challenges such as data privacy, ethics, and significant technological investments remain key concerns in their implementation. This study concludes that AI and ML offer great potential for data- driven personalisation marketing, while requiring ethical and adaptive approaches to maximise their benefits sustainably.
GREEN ECONOMIC POLICIES AND PRACTICES: AN EVALUATION OF THEIR IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELL-BEING IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Green economic policies and practices have become a strategic approach to addressing the increasingly urgent challenges of climate change. This study evaluates the impact of green economic policies on socio-economic well-being, with a focus on carbon emission reduction, renewable energy use, and inclusive sustainable development methods. The evaluation results indicate that green economics not only addresses environmental issues but also makes significant contributions to job creation, improved quality of life, and economic resilience. Although these policies face various challenges, such as resistance from traditional industries and resource constraints, holistic strategies and multilateral collaboration are necessary to ensure their effective implementation. Thus, green economy has great potential to support the balance between environmental sustainability, economic growth, and social welfare amid the impacts of climate change.
TOWARDS ZERO EMISSIONS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE GREEN ECONOMY TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS
Global climate change has become a major challenge that requires appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures, one of which is through the implementation of a green economy. A green economy focuses on integrating economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social justice to achieve global targets toward net- zero carbon emissions. This article critically examines the contribution of a green economy to carbon emission reduction and the challenges it faces, particularly in developing countries. Constraints such as unequal access to technology, lack of funding, and the dominance of fossil-based energy systems are significant barriers to the implementation of a green economy. To achieve zero emissions, global commitment through green investment, technology transfer, and inclusive international cooperation is required. The conclusion of this study emphasises the importance of cross-sectoral and cross-national synergies in efforts to achieve a more sustainable economy in order to effectively address the climate crisis.
REDUCING SOCIAL INEQUALITY THROUGH MICRO-INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC POLICIES: A CASE STUDY FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of micro-inclusive economic policies in addressing social inequality in developing countries. Social inequality often arises due to disparities in access to economic resources, education, and employment, thereby hindering overall community welfare. Through a case study approach, this research explores various policies that focus on empowering small and medium enterprises (SMEs), providing access to credit for vulnerable groups, and training programmes to improve community capacity. The results of the study indicate that micro-inclusive policies have great potential to reduce social inequality and provide opportunities for marginalised groups to contribute more actively to economic activities. However, the implementation of these policies faces challenges such as a lack of synergy between various stakeholders, limited resources, and obstacles in effective policy monitoring. Therefore, this study emphasises the importance of a holistic approach involving the government, the private sector, and civil society in supporting inclusive policies. In addition, policy adaptation to the local context and the use of community-based technology are important strategies for promoting more significant positive impacts. Overall, this study concludes that micro-inclusive economic policies can be an effective tool for reducing social inequality, provided that they are accompanied by transparent and accountable implementation processes and continuous evaluation. The policy recommendations designed from the results of this study can serve as a guide for developing countries to create more equitable and inclusive economic development.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CSR IN INDONESIA BUSINESS PRACTICES: LEGAL AND ETHICAL ANALYSIS
This study examines the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia, focusing on legal and ethical aspects. The research addresses the problem of weak governance and ceremonial CSR practices, particularly in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Using a qualitative descriptive approach with secondary data from company reports and academic journals, the study analyzes GCG and CSR practices in large companies and SMEs. Findings indicate that large companies like Unilever implement robust GCG, while SMEs lack formal structures. Strategic CSR enhances reputation, but SMEs often engage in short-term philanthropy. Regulations support implementation, but enforcement is weak. Ethical practices rooted in Pancasila are crucial, yet challenges like corruption persist. The study recommends strengthening regulations and ethics education to enhance GCG and CSR effectiveness.
ENHANCING ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH INNOVATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES
Increasing economic competitiveness is a major challenge for companies and countries in the face of increasingly fierce global competition. One effective approach to achieve this goal is to implement innovative marketing strategies. These strategies include the use of digital technology, data analysis, product personalisation, and the development of creativity in promotion. Through innovative marketing, companies are not only able to fulfil customer needs more effectively but also create differentiation in a competitive market. With continuous innovation, companies can strengthen brand positioning, optimise interactions with customers, and open up opportunities for stable economic growth. Therefore, creative and tactical marketing strategies are key to improving economic competitiveness in the era of globalisation.
THE IMPACT OF BIG DATA ON THE OPTIMISATION OF MARKETING CAMPAIGNS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This literature review explores the impact of big data in optimising marketing campaigns. Big data has revolutionised the way companies collect, analyse and utilise data to develop more effective marketing strategies. With the ability to process large amounts of data from various sources, big data introduces new methods for understanding consumer behaviour and preferences. This study identifies that the application of big data enables higher personalisation in marketing campaigns, increasing consumer engagement and conversion through relevant and targeted messages. In addition, the measurement and evaluation of campaign effectiveness becomes more accurate and real-time, enabling quick and precise adjustments to marketing strategies. Overall, the use of big data in marketing not only provides strategic advantages for companies, but also increases competitiveness in dynamic and competitive markets.
DISTRIBUTION OF GOODS AT THE BUSINESS SERVICES BUILDING FIGURE, GALING VILLAGE, GALING SUB-DISTRICT
This study aims to analyse the distribution system of goods in the Jasa Usaha Building Shop located in Galing Village, Galing District. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with observation techniques and in-depth interviews with shop owners, employees, and customers. The results showed that the distribution of goods in this shop uses two main channels, namely direct channels from suppliers and local distributor channels. Direct distribution from suppliers tends to be more efficient in terms of time and cost, but faces challenges in stock control and payment flexibility. Meanwhile, the route through local distributors provides advantages in terms of product diversity and stock management, albeit at a higher cost. This research suggests improving warehouse management systems and implementing information technology to facilitate monitoring and control of goods distribution. With these improvements, it is expected that the efficiency and effectiveness of the distribution of goods at the Jasa Usaha Building Store can increase, so as to provide better service to customers.
ORGANISING LOGISTICS IN ALFAMART SAMBAS SUB DISTRICT, TUMUK MANGGIS VILLAGE
This study aims to evaluate and analyse the organisation of logistics at Alfamart located in Sambas Sub-district, Tumuk Manggis Village. In this study, a descriptive qualitative approach was used using observation methods, in-depth interviews with store managers, logistics staff, and documentation analysis. The results showed that Alfamart Tumuk Manggis Village has implemented a structured logistics management system, including goods receipt, storage, and distribution to sales shelves. However, some of the challenges faced include limited storage space, fluctuations in customer demand, and coordination with suppliers. A product category-based storage system and the use of inventory management software have helped with operational efficiency, but there are still constraints in managing stock-outs and seasonal products. This research suggests increasing warehouse capacity, optimising information technology, and regular training for logistics staff to improve the performance of better logistics organisation. With these improvements, it is expected that Alfamart Sambas Sub-district will be able to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its logistics operations so that it can provide optimal service to customers.
COLLABORATION BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT IN REALISING A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY 5.0
Collaboration between industry and government plays a vital role in realising a sustainable Economy 5.0, where synergy between people and technology is the main driver of progress. This vision promotes knowledge-based economic development and advanced technology, which requires close cooperation between the private sector and the government. In this collaboration, industry focuses on digital innovation and technology, while the government creates regulations and a conducive environment. This combination not only improves efficiency and global competitiveness, but also promotes inclusive policies that can address social and environmental challenges. The responsible and environmentally friendly implementation of technological solutions is essential in this joint effort, ensuring that economic growth is not only materially beneficial but also sustainable for society and the environment.
CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION IN THE MIDST OF THE ECONOMY 5.0 DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
The digital transformation in the Economy 5.0 era brings significant challenges and opportunities in the fields of cybersecurity and data protection. The increased use of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data complicates the threat landscape to data security, which encourages organisations to continuously update and adapt their security systems. On the other hand, these technologies also offer innovative solutions to strengthen data protection, such as more efficient threat detection through artificial intelligence and improved data transparency with blockchain technology. By combining technological innovation with strict security policies and global collaboration, organisations can effectively address cybersecurity challenges and ensure data protection in the rapidly evolving digital age.